h-level · Title In this chapter
−2 · The Unique Point (Prelude) Contractibility: there is exactly one point, and every inhabitant is a path to it. The book's starting note, before the acrostic begins.
−1 T The Foundations in Crisis Mere propositions: a type is either empty or a single point. The Tortoise and Achilles dig through the ruins of classical logic.
0 H Habitat of Types Sets in HoTT: types with no higher homotopy. A flat census of distinct concepts, no loops, no higher structure.
1 E Equal by Construction: The Curry–Howard Correspondence Groupoids: proofs as programs, propositions as types. The chapter is itself a loop — its final paragraph returns to its opening sentence.
2 P Paths of Dependence Dependent types: Π-types and Σ-types. Two staircases sharing a glass bridge — the chapter's structure is a 2-groupoid.
3 A All Proofs Are Paths The identity type. Every equality proof is a path in a space; two proofs of the same equality may themselves differ by a 2-path.
4 T The Topology of Continuity Fibrations, transport, and the dependent elimination rule J. How a path in the base lifts to the total space.
5 H Homotopy and the Fundamental Group The circle S¹ as a Higher Inductive Type. Winding numbers, covering spaces, van Kampen's theorem — all from type theory.
6 I Infinite Tower: ∞-Groupoids Paths between paths between paths. The lighthouse staircase winds upward past what the eye can follow. The first signal that the tower does not end.
7 S Spaces and Types, Unified The homotopy hypothesis: (∞,1)-categories and HoTT are the same thing, seen from different directions. A puddle that perfectly reflects the sky.
8 T The Hierarchy of Homotopy Levels The revelation. This chapter names and explains the h-level indexing system — after you have been using it for nine chapters. The hand holds the globe that reflects the hand.
9 H Homotopy Equivalence Equivalence of types: when two types have the same homotopy type. The mirror that creates two equal-but-distinct images.
10 E Equality by Equivalence: The Univalence Axiom Voevodsky's insight: equivalent types are equal. Univalence is the theorem that makes the strange loop close.
11 P Power of Univalence Function extensionality, structure identity principle, and the consequences of being able to transport theorems along equivalences.
12 R Ruled by Their Paths: Higher Inductive Types HITs: types defined not only by their points but by their paths. The circle, the interval, the suspension — topology synthesised from constructors.
13 O Orbiting the Circle π₁(S¹) = ℤ, proved entirely within HoTT. Winding numbers as elements of the fundamental group; the full calculation from first principles.
14 O Order from Truncation Propositional truncation and the h-level hierarchy as a deliberate tool. How to extract classical logic from constructive type theory.
15 F Foundations, Constructive HoTT as a foundation for mathematics: what it can replace, what it illuminates, and where it departs from both set theory and classical logic.
· The Type of All Types (Finale) Universe polymorphism, the type of all types, and the stratified hierarchy that prevents paradox. The dragon bites its own tail — carefully.

What is an h-level?

In Homotopy Type Theory, every type has a homotopy level — a measure of how much higher-dimensional structure it contains. A type at h-level −2 is contractible: all its points are connected by a unique path, and all paths are connected by a unique 2-path, and so on forever. A type at h-level −1 is a mere proposition: any two proofs are equal. A type at h-level 0 is a set: any two elements have at most one path between them.

As the level increases, the type is allowed richer and richer path structure. The natural numbers ℕ are a set (h-level 0). The circle S¹ lives at h-level 1. The type of all sets lives at h-level 1. The type of all 1-types lives at h-level 2. And so on, without bound.

Each chapter of this book is indexed by its h-level. The chapter's internal structure — the number of self-referential layers, the shape of its argument, the number of dialogue rounds — mirrors its index. Form enacts content.